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    上海人民電氣有限公司分析斷路器的工作原理

    2020/11/24 14:09:35      點擊:

    斷路器的工作原理:

    斷路器一般由觸頭系統(tǒng)、滅弧系統(tǒng)、操作機(jī)構(gòu)、脫扣器、外殼等構(gòu)成。

    當(dāng)短路時,大電流(一般10至12倍)產(chǎn)生的磁場克服反力彈簧,脫扣器拉動操作機(jī)構(gòu)動作,開關(guān)瞬時跳閘。當(dāng)過載時,電流變大,發(fā)熱量加劇,雙金屬片變形到一定程度推動機(jī)構(gòu)動作(電流越大,動作時間越短)。

    有電子型的,使用互感器采集各相電流大小,與設(shè)定值比較,當(dāng)電流異常時微處理器發(fā)出信號,使電子脫扣器帶動操作機(jī)構(gòu)動作。

    斷路器的作用是切斷和接通負(fù)荷電路,以及切斷故障電路,防止事故擴(kuò)大,保證安全運行。而高壓斷路器要開斷1500V,電流為1500-2000A的電弧,這些電弧可拉長至2m仍然繼續(xù)燃燒不熄滅。故滅弧是高壓斷路器必須解決的問題。

    吹弧熄弧的原理主要是冷卻電弧減弱熱游離,另一方面通過吹弧拉長電弧加強(qiáng)帶電粒子的復(fù)合和擴(kuò)散,同時把弧隙中的帶電粒子吹散,迅速恢復(fù)介質(zhì)的絕緣強(qiáng)度。

    低壓斷路器也稱為自動空氣開關(guān),可用來接通和分?jǐn)嘭?fù)載電路,也可用來控制不頻繁起動的電動機(jī)。它功能相當(dāng)于閘刀開關(guān)、過電流繼電器、失壓繼電器、熱繼電器及漏電保護(hù)器等電器部分或全部的功能總和,是低壓配電網(wǎng)中一種重要的保護(hù)電器。

    低壓斷路器具有多種保護(hù)功能(過載、短路、欠電壓保護(hù)等)、動作值可調(diào)、分?jǐn)嗄芰Ω、操作方便、安全等?yōu)點,所以被廣泛應(yīng)用。結(jié)構(gòu)和工作原理低壓斷路器由操作機(jī)構(gòu)、觸點、保護(hù)裝置(各種脫扣器)、滅弧系統(tǒng)等組成。

    低壓斷路器的主觸點是靠手動操作或電動合閘的。主觸點閉合后,自由脫扣機(jī)構(gòu)將主觸點鎖在合閘位置上。過電流脫扣器的線圈和熱脫扣器的熱元件與主電路串聯(lián),欠電壓脫扣器的線圈和電源并聯(lián)。當(dāng)電路發(fā)生短路或嚴(yán)重過載時,過電流脫扣器的銜鐵吸合,使自由脫扣機(jī)構(gòu)動作,主觸點斷開主電路。當(dāng)電路過載時,熱脫扣器的熱元件發(fā)熱使雙金屬片上彎曲,推動自由脫扣機(jī)構(gòu)動作。當(dāng)電路欠電壓時,欠電壓脫扣器的銜鐵釋放。也使自由脫扣機(jī)構(gòu)動作。分勵脫扣器則作為遠(yuǎn)距離控制用,在正常工作時,其線圈是斷電的,在需要距離控制時,按下起動按鈕,使線圈通電。

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